Number of Peer Review Reports on the Endocannabinoid System

Special Issue "The Endocannabinoid Organization in Wellness and Disease"

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Special Result Editors

Dr. Andres Ozaita
E-mail Website
Guest Editor

Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: endocannabinoid arrangement; cannabinoid receptor; intellectual disability; intracellular signaling; neurogenesis; knowledge; structural plasticity

Dr. Patricia Robledo
E-Mail Website
Invitee Editor

Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Inquiry Plant, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: endocannabinoid arrangement; serotonin system; fauna models of mental disorders; novel biomarkers of psychopathology; olfactory neuroepithelium; schizophrenia; first episode psychosis; knowledge

Special Effect Data

Dear Colleagues,

The endocannabinoid arrangement is a relevant homeostatic system in the organism. Information technology was discovered almost 30 years ago while searching for singled-out targets of Cannabis sativa institute derivatives. Since then, it has emerged as a crucial neuromodulatory system with specific receptors and endogenous mediators widely distributed at peripheral and fundamental levels during life. In the concluding decades, researchers have interrogated the interaction of cannabinoid compounds with many physiological systems to understand their therapeutic and recreational effects. In addition, the office of the endocannabinoid system in pathological atmospheric condition has also driven important efforts in the search for novel appropriate medicinal targets.

This Special Issue aims to emphasize the diversity of areas in biomedical research where the endocannabinoid system may play important roles from the signal of view of pathophysiology and as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. This may include nociception/pain perception, reward organization/addiction, metabolism/obesity, epilepsy, cancer, multiple sclerosis, chronic inflammation, psychiatric illnesses, cognitive deregulation, aging, neurodegeneration, and ischemia. We encourage all researchers interested in this topic to present enquiry manufactures or reviews on these different aspects of the endocannabinoid organisation. This Special Upshot can include land-of-the-art reviews on disorders involving the endocannabinoid system, either from a pathophysiological or from a therapeutic perspective.

Dr. Andres Ozaita
Dr. Patricia Robledo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should exist submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click hither to get to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the borderline. All submissions that laissez passer pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (every bit soon every bit accustomed) and volition be listed together on the special issue website. Research manufactures, review articles also as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and brusque abstruse (about 100 words) can exist sent to the Editorial Role for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor exist under consideration for publication elsewhere (except briefing proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-bullheaded peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open up access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open admission periodical is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may apply MDPI'southward English editing service prior to publication or during writer revisions.

Keywords

• Endocannabinoid organization
• Cannabis compounds
• Pain
• Addiction
• Obesity
• Epilepsy
• Cancer
• Multiple sclerosis
• Inflammation
• Psychiatric
• illnesses
• Knowledge
• Aging
• Neurodegeneration
• Ischemia

Published Papers (7 papers)

Open Access Commodity

Gene Expression Analysis of Astrocyte and Microglia Endocannabinoid Signaling during Autoimmune Demyelination

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1342

Abstruse

The endocannabinoid arrangement is associated with protective furnishings in multiple sclerosis (MS) that involve adulterate innate immune prison cell responses. Astrocytes and microglia are modulated past endocannabinoids and participate in the biosynthesis and metabolism of these compounds. Even so, the role of neuroglial cells as [...] Read more than.

The endocannabinoid organization is associated with protective effects in multiple sclerosis (MS) that involve attenuated innate allowed prison cell responses. Astrocytes and microglia are modulated by endocannabinoids and participate in the biosynthesis and metabolism of these compounds. However, the office of neuroglial cells every bit targets and mediators of endocannabinoid signaling in MS is poorly understood. Hither we used a microfluidic RT-qPCR screen to assess changes in the expression of the main endocannabinoid signaling genes in astrocytes and microglia purified from female mice during the fourth dimension-course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We bear witness that astrocytes and microglia upregulate the expression of genes encoding neurotoxic A1 and pro-inflammatory molecules at the acute disease with many of these transcripts remaining elevated during the recovery phase. Both jail cell populations exhibited an early onset decrease in the cistron expression levels of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (two-AG) hydrolytic enzymes that persisted during EAE progression equally well every bit cell-type-specific changes in the transcript levels for genes encoding cannabinoid receptors and molecules involved in anandamide (AEA) signaling. Our results demonstrate that astrocytes and microglia responses to autoimmune demyelination involve alterations in the expression of multiple endocannabinoid signaling-associated genes and suggest that this system may regulate the consecration of neurotoxic and pro-inflammatory transcriptional programs in both cell types during MS. Total article

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Open Access Article

CB2 Receptors and Neuron–Glia Interactions Modulate Neurotoxicity Generated by MAGL Inhibition

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1132

Abstract

Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition (MAGL) has emerged as an interesting therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease handling due to its power to modulate the endocannabinoid arrangement and to forbid the production of proinflammatory mediators. To obtain a beneficial response, it is necessary to sympathise how [...] Read more.

Monoacylglycerol lipase inhibition (MAGL) has emerged as an interesting therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease treatment due to its ability to modulate the endocannabinoid organization and to forestall the product of proinflammatory mediators. To obtain a beneficial response, it is necessary to empathise how this inhibition affects the neuron–glia crosstalk and neuron viability. In this report, the effect of MAGL inhibition by KML29 was evaluated in two types of rat cortical master cultures; mixed cultures, including neuron and glial cells, and neuron-enriched cultures. The risk of neuronal death was estimated past longitudinal survival analysis. The spontaneous neuronal risk of death in culture was higher in the absenteeism of glial cells, a procedure that was enhanced by KML29 addition. In dissimilarity, neuronal survival was not compromised by MAGL inhibition in the presence of glial cells. Blockade of cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptors expressed mainly by microglial cells did non affect the spontaneous neuronal death run a risk merely decreased neuronal survival when KML29 was added. Modulation of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors did not bear on neuronal survival. Our results prove that neuron–glia interactions are essential for neuronal survival. CB2 receptors play a key function in these protective interactions when neurons are exposed to toxic conditions. Full article

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Open Access Article

Effects of Cannabis Use on the Protein and Lipid Profile of Olfactory Neuroepithelium Cells from Schizophrenia Patients Studied past Synchrotron-Based FTIR Spectroscopy

Cited by four | Viewed by 1360

Abstract

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a loftier genetic component, but the presence of environmental stressors can be important for its onset and progression. Cannabis apply can be a major risk factor for developing SCZ. Nevertheless, despite the available data on the [...] Read more.

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a loftier genetic component, just the presence of environmental stressors can be important for its onset and progression. Cannabis employ can be a major risk factor for developing SCZ. However, despite the available data on the neurobiological underpinnings of SCZ, there is an of import lack of studies in man neuronal tissue and living cells addressing the effects of cannabis in SCZ patients. In this study, we analysed the about relevant bio-macromolecular constituents in olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) cells of healthy controls not-cannabis users, healthy cannabis users, SCZ patients non-cannabis users, and SCZ patients cannabis users using Synchrotron Radiation-Fourier Transform Infrared (SR-FTIR) spectrometry and microscopy. Our results revealed that SCZ patients non-cannabis users, and healthy cannabis users showroom like alterations in the macromolecular profile of ON cells, including disruption in lipid composition, increased lipid membrane renewal rate and lipid peroxidation, altered proteins containing more β-sheet structures, and showed an increase in DNA and histone methylation. Notably, these alterations were not observed in SCZ patients who use cannabis regularly. These data suggest a differential effect of cannabis in healthy controls and in SCZ patients in terms of the macromolecular constituents of ON cells. Full commodity

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Open up Admission Article

Pharmacokinetics of Sativex^® in Dogs: Towards a Potential Cannabinoid-Based Therapy for Canine Disorders

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3539

Abstract

The phytocannabinoid-based medicine Sativex^® is currently marketed for the treatment of spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis patients and is existence investigated for other central and peripheral pathological atmospheric condition. Information technology may also serve in Veterinary Medicine for the treatment of domestic animals, [...] Read more.

The phytocannabinoid-based medicine Sativex^® is currently marketed for the handling of spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis patients and is being investigated for other central and peripheral pathological conditions. Information technology may also serve in Veterinarian Medicine for the treatment of domestic animals, in detail for dogs affected by unlike pathologies, including human-like pathological conditions. With the purpose of assessing different dosing paradigms for using Sativex in Veterinarian Medicine, we investigated its pharmacokinetics when administered to naïve dogs via sublingual commitment. In the single dose arm of the study, developed Beagle dogs were treated with 3 consecutive sprays of Sativex, and blood samples were collected at 12 intervals up to 24 h later. In the multiple dose arm of the study, Beagle dogs received three sprays daily for 14 days, and blood samples were collected for 24 h postal service final dose. Blood was used to obtain plasma samples and to make up one's mind the levels of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ^nine-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) and its metabolite 11-hydroxy-Δ^nine-THC. Maximal plasma concentrations of both Δ⁹-THC (C_max = xviii.5 ng/mL) and CBD (C_max = 10.5 ng/mL) were accomplished two h after administration in the single dose condition and at ane h in the multiple dose treatment (Δ⁹-THC: C_max = 24.five ng/mL; CBD: C_max = 15.2 ng/mL). 11-hydroxy-Δ^nine-THC, which is mainly formed in the liver from Δ^ix-THC, was near undetected, which is consistent with the use of sublingual delivery. A potential progressive accumulation of both CBD and Δ^ix-THC was detected following repeated exposure, with maximum plasma concentrations for both cannabinoids beingness accomplished following multiple dose. Neurological condition, body temperature, respiratory rate and some hemodynamic parameters were likewise recorded in both weather condition, but in full general, no changes were observed. In determination, this study demonstrates that unmarried or multiple dose sublingual administration of Sativex to naïve dogs results in the expected pharmacokinetic profile, with maximal levels of phytocannabinoids detected at 1–2 h and suggested progressive accumulation later on the multiple dose treatment. Full article

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Open Access Review

Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) in Health and Affliction

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1703

Abstract

Endocannabinoid signaling depends upon the CB₁ and CB₂ cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and ii-arachidonoylglycerol, and intracellular proteins that mediate responses via the C-terminal and other intracellular receptor domains. The CB₁ receptor regulates and is regulated by associated G [...] Read more than.

Endocannabinoid signaling depends upon the CB₁ and CB_two cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and intracellular proteins that mediate responses via the C-terminal and other intracellular receptor domains. The CB₁ receptor regulates and is regulated by associated M proteins predominantly of the Gi/o subtypes, β-arrestins ane and 2, and the cannabinoid receptor-interacting poly peptide 1a (CRIP1a). Evidence for a physiological office for CRIP1a is emerging as data regarding the cellular localization and function of CRIP1a are generated. Here nosotros summarize the neuronal distribution and function of CRIP1a in endocannabinoid signaling, too equally hash out investigations linking CRIP1a to development, vision and hearing sensory systems, hippocampus and seizure regulation, and psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. We also examine the genetic and epigenetic association of CRIP1a within a variety of cancer subtypes. This review provides testify upon which to base future investigations on the function of CRIP1a in wellness and disease. Total article

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Open up Access Editor'southward Selection Review

Cannabidiol: A Potential New Culling for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression, and Psychotic Disorders

Cited past 29 | Viewed by 13124

Abstract

The potential therapeutic apply of some Cannabis sativa plant compounds has been attracting great interest, particularly for managing neuropsychiatric disorders due to the relative lack of efficacy of the current treatments. Numerous studies take been carried out using the main phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) [...] Read more than.

The potential therapeutic use of some Cannabis sativa plant compounds has been attracting great involvement, peculiarly for managing neuropsychiatric disorders due to the relative lack of efficacy of the electric current treatments. Numerous studies have been carried out using the master phytocannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). CBD displays an interesting pharmacological profile without the potential for condign a drug of abuse, unlike THC. In this review, we focused on the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic effects of CBD found in animal and human studies. In rodents, results suggest that the effects of CBD depend on the dose, the strain, the administration time course (acute vs. chronic), and the route of assistants. In addition, sure key targets have been related with these CBD pharmacological deportment, including cannabinoid receptors (CB₁r and CB₂r), 5-HT_1A receptor and neurogenesis factors. Preliminary clinical trials as well support the efficacy of CBD as an anxiolytic, antipsychotic, and antidepressant, and more chiefly, a positive risk-benefit profile. These promising results support the evolution of large-scale studies to further evaluate CBD as a potential new drug for the treatment of these psychiatric disorders. Full article

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Open Access Review

Targeting the Endocannabinoid CB1 Receptor to Care for Body Weight Disorders: A Preclinical and Clinical Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Past and Present CB1 Drugs

Cited by xvi | Viewed by 2336

Abstract

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide and there is a demand for novel therapeutic treatment options. The endocannabinoid organisation has been linked to homeostatic processes, including metabolism, nutrient intake, and the regulation of body weight. Rimonabant, an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, [...] Read more.

Obesity rates are increasing worldwide and there is a need for novel therapeutic treatment options. The endocannabinoid system has been linked to homeostatic processes, including metabolism, food intake, and the regulation of body weight. Rimonabant, an changed agonist for the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, was effective at producing weight loss in obese subjects. However, due to adverse psychiatric side effects, rimonabant was removed from the marketplace. More recently, we reported an inverse human relationship between cannabis use and BMI, which has now been duplicated past several groups. As those results may appear contradictory, nosotros review hither preclinical and clinical studies that take studied the bear upon on body weight of diverse cannabinoid CB1 drugs. Notably, we will review the impact of CB1 inverse agonists, agonists, partial agonists, and neutral antagonists. Those findings clearly betoken out the cannabinoid CB1 every bit a potential effective target for the handling of obesity. Recent preclinical studies advise that ligands targeting the CB1 may retain the therapeutic potential of rimonabant without the negative side effect profile. Such approaches should be tested in clinical trials for validation. Full article

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Source: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biomolecules/special_issues/Endocannabinoid_System_in_Health_and_Diseases

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